How the Dow Divisor Helped Industrials Blast Through 25,000

The Dow Jones Industrial Average isn't really an average at all.

If it were, one would take the price of each of the 30 components and divide the sum by 30. That would yield the average price. Since that number would barely move the needle on a day-to-day or minute-by-minute basis, something more was needed to satisfy the voracious appetite of investors. Ergo, the Dow Divisor.

The Dow Divisor is 0.14523396877348. Since it's a fraction of a point, the divisor doesn't actually divide anything. Rather, it's a multiplier, which serves to enhance the gains of the higher-priced stocks and minimize the losses of lower-priced shares. That explains why declines on the Dow are serious events. It's rigged to go higher regardless of volume.

One can clearly see - using such a valuation (weighted) method - why tin-hat theories abound about market manipulation. The Dow leads the market, not only in the US, but around the world. A big move on the Dow triggers the herd instinct to buy other stocks.

Boeing (BA) was the biggest percentage gainer on the day, adding 11.46 points to 371.56. But, thanks to the divisor, Boeing contributed nearly 79 points to the overall Dow gain, despite less than 4.5 million shares changing hands.

By contrast, General Electric was the big loser, dropping 1.16%. But, since GE is the lowest-priced stock on the index, by far, at 13.64, the point loss was a mediocre 0.16. The magic of the divisor meant GE's loss to the overall index was a measly 1.10 points, despite the fact that more than 62 million shares were traded, more than the total number of shares in the three next most-widely traded stocks, Pfizer (PFE), Microsoft (MSFT), and Intel (INTC) combined.

Only four Dow stocks traded lower on the day. In addition to GE, Wal-Mart, Pfizer, and The Travelers finished down, though modestly. Also contributing to the day's massive spike were 3M (MMM), Goldman Sachs (GS), and United Health (UNH), each trading above 200 per share. Their combined advance of 10.77 points were good for another 74 Dow points, despite the fact that they were three of the four least-traded stocks on the exchange (Pfizer was the second least-traded).

So, four low volume stocks were good for 150 points on the Dow. The other 22 gainers were cannon fodder against the bear case as the Dow Industrials outpaced the other indices by a wide margin. The day's gain resulted in the highest closing price on the Dow since March 13.

Happy Dow divisor days!

A couple of good reads on the Dow divisor can be found here and here.

Dow Jones Industrial Average June Scorecard:

Date	Close	Gain/Loss	Cum. G/L
6/1/18	24,635.21	+219.37	+219.37
6/4/18	24,813.69	+178.48	+397.85
6/5/18	24,799.98	-13.71	+384.14
6/6/18	25,146.39	+346.41	+730.55

At the Close, Wednesday, June 6, 2018:
Dow Jones Industrial Average: 25,146.39, +346.41 (+1.40%)
NASDAQ: 7,689.24, +51.38 (+0.67%)
S&P 500: 2,772.35, +23.55 (+0.86%)
NYSE Composite: 12,778.23, +119.53 (+0.94%)

Market Gains on Low Volume

A quick overview of Monday's trading follows. More on Tuesday after the bell.

Awaiting the 3rd quarter earnings report from Apple (AAPL), investors were encouraged by the number of S&P companies which reported earnings better than estimates (78%) last week and further weakness in the dollar as the session unfolded.

Dow 10,092.19, +96.28 (0.96%)
NASDAQ 2,176.32, +19.52 (0.88%)
S&P 500 1,097.91, +10.23 (0.94%)
NYSE Composite 7,222.21, +88.25 (1.13%)

Advancing issues led losers, 4415-1889. There were 819 stocks making new 52-week highs, to 100 new lows. Volume was exceedingly low, signaling a large degree of caution at the very start of the biggest week of earnings reports. If the low volume pattern continues through the next few days, it could be indicative of a short-term market top. However, most companies have not yet reported, so not much can be read into one day's trading volume.

NYSE Volume 3,816,968,500
NASDAQ Volume 1,725,801,875

Oil reached a new high for the year, trading up $1.08, to $79.61. Gold advanced $7.90, to $1,066.00. Silver tacked on 21 cents, to close at $17.63 per ounce.

Besides Apple reporting after the close, five Dow components will report prior to Tuesday's opening bell. Caterpillar (CAT), Pfizer (PFE), United Technologies (UTX), Coca-Cola (KO) and DuPont (DD) are the companies reporting.

What the Market Knows (and Washington Doesn't)

Monday's attempted push into higher ground was cut short by the very same forces which pushed it down to these levels in the first place: jobs, bank failures and government deficits.

The key sticking point, which the market understands (as do most chartists, but not politicians) is the 8149 level on the Dow. Why that spot is so stubborn and steadfast, not allowing movement beyond it, now that it has been violated, is that it is the interim closing low (Dec. 1) following the devastating bottom of November 20 (7552.29). Since violating this level by closing at 7949.09 on January 20, the index has tried to break out every day since. On January 21, the Dow did manage to hold on, at the close, at 8228.10, but since has closed below 8149 three consecutive sessions.

This is a troubling scenario. Not even the unexpected rise in existing home sales (+6.5%, though the median home price continues to fall) and the Conference Board's rosier outcome in the Leading Indicators (+0.3%) could keep stocks sufficiently in the green to call today's effort a true rally.

As a matter of fact, the Dow finished more than 100 points off its high, which was achieved shortly after the pair of announcements at 10:00 am. It was only a late day surge that allowed the index to finish with any gain at all. Other indices were similarly in positive territory at the close, though with marginal gains.

Dow 8,116.03, +38.47 (0.48%)
NASDAQ 1,489.46, +12.17 (0.82%)
S&P 500 836.57, +4.62 (0.56%)
NYSE Composite 5,244.67, +49.12 (0.95%)

Perhaps equally troubling was the lack of commitment as measured by volume, off sharply from last week's somewhat more spirited efforts. On the day, advancing issues finished well ahead of decliners, 4207-2354, though the gap between new lows and highs remains troubling, with new lows ahead once more, 200-16.

NYSE Volume 1,269,394,000
NASDAQ Volume 1,841,378,000

Crude oil finished the day with a loss of 74 cents, easing to $45.73 at the close after trading as high as $48.05. Gold continued its own little winning streak, gaining $13.00, to $910.70. the first close above the $900 mark since early December. Silver tagged along with a gain of 17 cents, closing at $12.11. We are beginning to be convinced that the only safe place for your cash - besides in a mattress - is in precious metals.

What the politicians in Washington don't seem to understand at this juncture is twofold: first, that the stock market will not respond blindly to their grandstanding on economic issues and postures on bailouts, stimulus packages and the like, and second, that the number of Americans out of work or underemployed has now reached crisis proportions.

Just today, another 68,000+ layoffs were announced, by titans such as Caterpillar (20,000), Pfizer (merging with Wyeth, 26,000), Sprint Nextel (8000) and Home Depot (7000). Other companies, such as Dutch financial firm ING, and farm equipment maker Deere, also announced layoffs which slice across national borders.

The US economy shed 2.6 million jobs in 2008 - the most since 1945 - and there have already been 200,000 announced layoffs this year, though the real figures of unemployed and underemployed continue to spiral to nosebleed levels. Some estimates have the total of both groups already at 13-15% of the adult labor force.

In Washington, there's plenty of pomp and posture about how to correct the dilemma, but it surely seems that the worst is still ahead as the effects of multiple retail chain store closings and the consequent defaults in commercial loan portfolios begin to ripple through the economy.

Our political leaders have yet to either catch on or level with the American people about the depth of our economic crisis, preferring to "stick to their agenda" while offering little in the way of serious stimulative effort.

The stock market is just another ticking time bomb at this point. Anybody telling you to buy stocks here just doesn't understand the fix we're in and might as well instruct you to throw money down a well.

Markets Pare Gains on Profit Weakness

Earnings continued to roll out on Wednesday, with the following highlighting a heavy day of releases:

• CIT Group (CIT): Second-quarter loss after paying preferred dividends of $134.5 million, of 70 cents per share was reported, compared with a profit of $236 million, or $1.16 per share, in the year-ago period. The results include a charge of $495.3 million, or $2.58 per share, from the planned exit of its home lending business, making CIT yet another casualty of the subprime mortgage industry implosion. Analysts expected 1.35. The stock dropped 6.26 (11.29%) on the news.


• eBay (EBAY): Reported earnings of $375.8 million, or 27 cents per share, compared with earnings of $250 million, or 17 cents a share, for the same period last year. Analysts expected 0.32


• Gannett (GCI): Excluding a $73.8 million gain from the sale of several newspapers and earnings from discontinued operations in both periods, Gannett earned $289.9 million from continuing operations in the quarter, down 4.8 percent from $304.5 million in the same period a year earlier. Per-share earnings on the same basis came in at $1.24 versus $1.28 in the same period a year ago. Analysts expected 1.21


• Pfizer (PFE): Excluding items, adjusted profit fell 20 percent to $2.94 billion, or 42 cents per share, from $3.66 billion, or 50 cents per share, a year ago. Analysts expected 0.50


• Piper Jaffray (PJC): Second-quarter net income was $9.3 million, or 52 cents per share, compared with earnings of $4.1 million, or 21 cents per share, in the second quarter of 2006. Analysts expected 0.74. Shares were off 3.69 (6.72%).


• Southwest Airlines (LUV): Earned $278 million, or 36 cents per share in the April-June quarter, compared with $333 million, or 40 cents per share, a year earlier. After adjusting for fuel-hedging transactions, Southwest said it would have earned 25 cents per share. Analysts expected 0.22


• United Technologies (UTX): Earnings per share for the quarter that ended June 30 were $1.16. Analysts expected 1.15

Most of the big names offered disappointing results, and it took a toll on the overall market.

Dow 13,918.22 -53.33; NASDAQ 2,699.49 -12.80; S&P 500 1,546.17 -3.20; NYSE Composite 10,148.28 -22.08

The results thus far for companies reporting 2nd-quarter earnings have been mixed with some major misses, not a positive trend for a market that's just made new highs. Add to the sour mood of today, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke's remarks that the sub-prime lending ordeal is likely to worsen, though the US economy is in good overall shape. He has his doubters, however, and signs of a significant slowdown are everywhere.

Today's trade was also somewhat deceptive. All of the indices were down more than twice their closing losses. Some serious tape-painting occurred in the last hour of trading.

Declining issues once again overwhelmed advancers, by nearly a 2-1 margin. New lows surpassed new highs for the first time in weeks, 375-229. This is a definite sell signal that's been building for weeks.

Oil continued to weigh on the market as well, with the price of crude for August delivery gaining another $1.03 on the NY Merc, to close at $75.03.

Gold moved up to $673.70, a gain of $7.80, while silver added 27 cents to close out at 13.29. There's a growing number of commodity specialists who believe the precious metals are due for another run-up on inflation concerns, though both are near historic highs and have been stuck in trenches for more than 18 months.

There may have been consolidation in these commodities as positions have been unraveled, though most of the speculators are calling for doubling or even tripling in price over the next 2-3 years. Those predictions have been around for years, and, following the movements of the metals, they are highly cyclical and they seem to be on the downside of their most recent bullish cycle.

On the other hand, the gold cycle is very long, and neither gold nor silver has yet to show signs of breaking the long term uptrend. With inflation running rampant, they are not the worst investments, but stocks have performed much better over the last year and a half. These should be only held in large quantity if the potential for a complete market crash is high, and that's certainly not the case at present.

Watch out for the remainder of this week. Any more profit disappointments may just cause outright flight from equities for the summer.